Answers—Question 1

• The ending phonemes for long vowels are voiced.

• The vowel that comes before a voiced vowel must be voiced.

• The sound after the vowel changes as the vowel changes from short to long.

• The words ending with p t s f k do not have the pattern.

• The words with long vowel have either a voiced or plosive sound.

• Voiceless plosives are aspirated in word-initial position.

• Longer vowels are voiced, shorter vowels are voiceless.

• Long vowels are pronounced due to the fricative sounds made at the end of the sentence.

• There are long vowels for words with [+voice] and vice versa.

• [+voice] ending consonants are marked by long vowels and vice versa.

• Vowels are strong before voiced.

• Those letters with [+voice] will have long vowels.

• Consonants with the property [+voice] proceeding the vowel will have long vowels.

• The symbol [ˑ] occurs before voiced phonemes.

• [ˑ] precedes word ending positions that are voiced.

• [ɑ] is replaced by [æ].

• The last sound of long vowels are voiced consonants.

• Long vowels tend to end with a voiced speech sound.

• The patterning is to differentiate the pronunciation of the words.

• The rule is alternation, because if we replace aspirated with unaspirated sounds we get a strange pronunciation.

• Before sounds with vocal fold vibration, vowels are subjected to be long vowels.

• The long vowel has a voice.

• For short vowels, only the middle sounds are substituted, but for the long vowels, only the beginning sound is not substituted.

• The words have the same consonant and vowel as the first two phonemes within a pair.

• The last letter of long vowels is voiced.

• Voiceless phonemes at the end have short vowels.

• All words with [+voice] at the end are long vowels.

• The long vowels are actually short vowels extended with the lowering of the lower jaw, to form low or open vowels.

• Long vowels precede voiced vowel and short vowels precede voiceless vowel.

• Vowels voiced before voiced consonant are long.

• Long vowels are aspirated in the vowel of the word while short vowels are aspirated in word-initial position.

• Rule: it is the intonation because vowels are the sounds upon which intonation is chiefly modulated. This is one crucial carrier of linguistic meaning and so, the patterns differentiate themselves.

• Voiced vowels meet voiceless consonants to give short vowels.

• The length of vowels affects only voiced sounds.

• Adding ˑ to a short vowel to form a long vowel causes this pair to form a minimal pair.

• Vowels that occur before plosive consonants are not long vowels.

• Long and short vowels end either with a plosive or a fricative sound.

• In all the given examples shown, all the DF for the sound set were the same except for [voice].

• Long vowels occur for the phonetic symbol which is before the last phonetic symbol if the last phonetic symbol is voiced.

• Words which are voiced end with a long vowel.

• There are two types of consonants, aspirated and unaspirated. In this case, there are two kinds of plosives.

• Long vowels are preceded by aspirated single voiceless plosives in word-initial position whereas short vowels are not.

• In words with three phonemes, the symbol [ˑ] can only occur on the second phoneme, and only if the third phoneme is +voice.

• Long and short vowels share articulatory features, e.g. [p] and [b] are both +stop and +labial.

• A short vowel ends with a voiceless sound.

• The long vowels are consonants with voiced sounds.

• Short vowels are plosives, long vowels are non-plosives.

Answers—Question 2

• They should be phonemes, but they do not.

• I would use allophones to examine the vowels, because the initial sounds of all the words are phonetically similar.

• They are different allophemes.

• They are allophonemes. Their complementary distribution is phonetically similar.

• Phonemes, because the aspirated and non-aspirated sounds are not identical, e.g. [d] is voiced and [t] is voiceless.

• Allophones vary according to individual voice in the pronunciation of words.

• Phonemes because different phonemes have different word meanings that differentiate themselves.

• The words all belong to the same phoneme.

• They are different phonemes of the same phoneme because they are minimal pairs and substitution gives a new meaning to the word. Lastly, there is substitution of sound.

• Since linguistics deals with sounds and their distribution is different, they cannot be analysed as allophones.

• They do not have the same meaning, so allophones cannot be used to explain.

• They are phonemes because all words in the data form a minimal pair.

• They are allophones, e.g. [p] and [ˑb].

• Phonemes, because in tap and tab we replace p with ˑb.

• Allophones, one is voiced the other is voiceless. If you voice a phoneme when it is not supposed to be voiced, it becomes another word.